The 320 Servants It Took to Keep One Victorian Mansion Running

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By one modern count, 320 people worked across the house and estate at Welbeck Abbey in 1900, all to keep a ducal family of fewer than 10 in comfort. In 1902 there were 14 housemaids alone. Before them, the reclusive 5th Duke of Portland kept 90 indoor servants for one man living in a handful of pink rooms, while some 1,500 workpeople dug nearly 3 miles of tunnels beneath his park. Once a year, the whole household sat down in the underground ballroom and was served by strangers. What did it really take to keep one mansion running?

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In this video, we talk about the full servant establishment of Welbeck Abbey under the Dukes of Portland, including the 5th Duke's underground house and the workmen who built it, the ninety servants who attended one recluse, the butler's side and the housekeeper's side of the green baize door, the upper servants who had servants of their own, footmen chosen by their height, housemaids ranked by number, the scullery maid who lit the first fire, the gardeners, grooms and keepers who never climbed the back stairs, the Servants' Ball on the Duke's birthday, the two world wars that emptied the servants' hall, and the database now recovering over a thousand forgotten names.

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